Linux sagir-us1.hostever.us 5.14.0-570.51.1.el9_6.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Oct 8 09:41:34 EDT 2025 x86_64
LiteSpeed
Server IP : 104.247.108.91 & Your IP : 216.73.217.24
Domains : 74 Domain
User : georgeto
Terminal
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Localroot Suggester
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usr /
bin /
Delete
Unzip
Name
Size
Permission
Date
Action
GET
15.82
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 08:00
HEAD
15.82
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 08:00
POST
15.82
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 08:00
[
51.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
addr2line
27.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
alias
33
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
apropos
48.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
apropos.man-db
48.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
ar
55.98
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
arch
31.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
arpaname
15.11
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 05:39
arping
27.25
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-10-20 12:44
as
710.32
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
attr
15.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-28 12:44
audit2allow
14.71
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:25
audit2why
14.71
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:25
aulast
19.2
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:48
aulastlog
15.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:48
ausyscall
15.12
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:48
authselect
43.68
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 14:22
auvirt
35.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:48
awk
698.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-30 22:25
b2sum
51.79
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
backuply
943
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-12 07:13
base32
35.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
base64
35.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
basename
35.67
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
basenc
48.02
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
bash
1.32
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
bashbug
6.91
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
bashbug-64
6.91
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
bdf2gdfont.pl
4.58
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-22 15:12
bg
30
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
bond2team
22.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2020-07-20 10:00
bootconfig
30.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
bootctl
100.54
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
borg
216
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-29 11:46
borgfs
216
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-29 11:46
busctl
100.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
c++
1.05
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
c++filt
27.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
c89
228
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:42
c99
219
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:42
ca-legacy
1.61
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-19 09:34
cal
51.83
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
captoinfo
87.79
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
cat
35.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
catchsegv
3.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:02
catman
35.86
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
cc
1.04
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
cd
30
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
cdb
23.9
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-31 13:42
centrino-decode
14.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
chacl
19.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-02 14:35
chage
71.98
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:57
chattr
15.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 15:03
chcat
13.63
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:25
chcon
60.24
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
checkmodule
450.88
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-03 10:07
checkpolicy
527.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-03 10:07
chgrp
56.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
chmem
35.39
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
chmod
56.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
choom
23.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
chown
60.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
chronyc
100.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 14:15
chrt
27.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
chvt
15.35
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
cifsiostat
23.55
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 21:19
cksum
35.57
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
clambc
9.03
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
clamconf
127.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
clamdscan
147.6
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
clamdtop
143.57
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
clamscan
163.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
clamsubmit
127.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
clear
15.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
clockdiff
23.2
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-10-20 12:44
cmp
40.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-29 18:15
col
23.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
colcrt
15.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
colrm
15.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
column
35.34
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
comm
35.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
command
35
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
config_data
6.97
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-16 11:46
coredumpctl
59.85
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
corelist
14.92
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 23:43
cp
149.24
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
cpan
8.37
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-05-13 21:00
cpan-mirrors
4.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-05-13 21:00
cpansign
1.98
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-29 21:13
cpio
145.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-29 20:51
cpp
1.05
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
cpulimit
49.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-02-25 04:07
cpupower
79.98
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:03
crb
2.59
KB
-rwxr--r--
2025-04-22 17:18
crc32
1.02
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-24 22:30
cronnext
39.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-25 11:43
crontab
55.77
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2025-09-25 11:43
csplit
108.88
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
curl
248.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-28 08:27
cut
47.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
cvtsudoers
233.49
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 14:35
cyrusbdb2current
1.58
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-25 11:46
date
104.05
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
dbus-broker
232
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-10-14 17:11
dbus-broker-launch
130.02
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-10-14 17:11
dbxtool
39.44
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-18 11:37
dd
68.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
deallocvt
15.36
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
debuginfo-install
3.6
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-12 04:27
debuginfod-find
19.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 15:47
delv
45.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 05:39
df
84.73
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
dfu-tool
124.49
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-18 11:37
diff
194.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-29 18:15
diff3
52.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-29 18:15
dig
136.59
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 05:39
dir
137.65
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
dircolors
39.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
dirmngr
439.97
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
dirmngr-client
56.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
dirname
31.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
distro
953
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 07:52
dmesg
71.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
dnf
2.04
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-22 11:27
dnf-3
2.04
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-22 11:27
dnf4
2.04
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-22 11:27
dnsdomainname
23.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-14 11:22
dnstap-read
23.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 05:39
domainname
23.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-14 11:22
doveadm
3.2
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-09-20 10:46
doveconf
541.45
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-09-20 10:46
dracut
98.55
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-17 17:48
dtrace
17.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-24 06:32
du
149.44
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
dumpkeys
164.05
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
dwp
851.56
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
dwz
227.99
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 14:45
echo
35.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
egrep
32
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-31 20:22
eject
43.61
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
elfedit
35.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
enc2xs
40.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-11 16:42
encguess
2.92
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-11 16:42
env
44.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
envsubst
35.39
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
eqn
189.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
evmctl
69.59
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:11
ex
1.38
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 09:43
expand
39.73
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
expr
108.6
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
factor
72.05
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
fallocate
23.2
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
false
27.47
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
fc
30
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
fc-cache
139
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 15:48
fc-cache-64
23.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-cat
19.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-conflist
15.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-list
15.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-match
15.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-pattern
15.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-query
15.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-scan
15.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fc-validate
15.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:48
fg
30
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
fgconsole
15.34
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
fgrep
32
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-31 20:22
file
27.74
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-03 12:38
fincore
23.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
find
284.95
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 21:04
find-repos-of-install
3.6
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-12 04:27
findmnt
64.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
fips-finish-install
1.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-05 13:18
fips-mode-setup
8.02
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-05 13:18
flock
23.37
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
fmt
39.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
fold
39.71
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
formail
48.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 15:20
free
23.36
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
freshclam
55.41
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
funzip
31.25
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:04
fuse2fs
72.68
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 15:03
fusermount
35.52
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2025-03-12 19:30
fwupdagent
148.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-18 11:37
fwupdate
112.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-18 11:37
fwupdmgr
148.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-18 11:37
fwupdtool
140.68
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-18 11:37
g++
1.05
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
g13
110.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gapplication
23.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-23 07:41
gawk
698.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-30 22:25
gcc
1.04
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
gcc-ar
27.67
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
gcc-nm
27.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
gcc-ranlib
27.67
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
gcov
473.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
gcov-dump
291.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
gcov-tool
320.46
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
gdbus
51.5
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-23 07:41
gen_grub_cfgstub
660
B
-rwx------
2026-03-19 08:26
gencat
27.45
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
genl-ctrl-list
15.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
geqn
189.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
getconf
35.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
getent
35.86
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
getfacl
31.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-02 14:35
getfattr
24.35
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-28 12:44
getkeycodes
15.34
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
getopt
23.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
getopts
35
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
gettext
35.35
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
gettext.sh
5.07
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:50
gio
91.81
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-23 07:41
gio-querymodules-64
15.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-23 07:41
glib-compile-schemas
51.47
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-23 07:41
gmake
249.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-02 12:55
gneqn
916
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
gnroff
3.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
gpasswd
76.19
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:57
gpg
1.07
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpg-agent
342.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpg-card
170.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpg-connect-agent
84.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpg-error
36.1
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-09 23:24
gpg-wks-client
129.55
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpg-wks-server
113.33
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpg2
1.07
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpgconf
100.98
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpgme-json
84.63
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-30 19:37
gpgparsemail
35.33
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpgsplit
27.5
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpgtar
64.87
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpgv
295.43
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpgv2
295.43
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
gpic
201.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
gpio-event-mon
18.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
gpio-hammer
14.12
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
gpio-watch
14.12
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
gprof
101.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
gr2fonttest
28
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-31 13:10
grep
154.49
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-01-31 20:22
groff
96.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
grops
167.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
grotty
122.2
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
groups
35.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
grub2-editenv
475.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-file
1.1
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-fstest
1.34
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-glue-efi
294.55
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-kbdcomp
1.63
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-menulst2cfg
277.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mkfont
327.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mkimage
454.59
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mklayout
300.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mknetdir
517.62
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2
307.05
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mkrelpath
294.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mkrescue
1.33
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mkstandalone
621.93
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-mount
1.01
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-render-label
1.11
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-script-check
331.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
grub2-syslinux2cfg
1.03
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-03-19 08:26
gsettings
31.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-23 07:41
gsoelim
32.18
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
gtar
518.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-05 19:41
gtbl
130.86
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
gtroff
732.07
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
gunzip
2.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-10-15 17:26
gzexe
6.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-10-15 17:26
gzip
89.63
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-10-15 17:26
h2ph
28.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-07-28 03:54
h2xs
59.5
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-07-28 03:53
hardlink
35.43
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
hash
32
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
head
43.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
hexdump
51.41
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
host
108.57
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 05:39
hostid
31.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
hostname
23.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-14 11:22
hostnamectl
31.49
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
hoststat
856.39
KB
-rwxr-sr-x
2023-09-26 17:37
i386
27.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
iconv
64.09
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
id
39.71
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
idiag-socket-details
15.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
iio_event_monitor
30.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
iio_generic_buffer
34.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
ima-add-sigs
3.67
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:11
ima-setup
3.71
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:11
infocmp
63.68
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
infotocap
87.79
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
install
149.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
instmodsh
4.1
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-24 09:56
intel-speed-select
112.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
ionice
15.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
iostat
55.86
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 21:19
ipcmk
23.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
ipcrm
19.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
ipcs
39.34
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
irqtop
35.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
isosize
15.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
jcat-tool
44.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-11 20:37
jobs
32
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
join
51.9
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
journalctl
88.11
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
jq
31.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:26
json_pp
4.78
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-16 13:39
kbd_mode
15.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
kbdinfo
19.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
kbdrate
19.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
kdumpctl
51.85
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-24 06:15
kernel-install
13.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:12
keyctl
64.02
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-04-05 19:15
kill
31.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
killall
32.95
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 15:53
kmod
165.57
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-18 11:41
kvm_stat
62.92
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 09:11
last
35.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lastb
35.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lastlog
28.63
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:57
lchfn
23.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 10:53
lchsh
23.13
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 10:53
ld
1.71
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
ld.bfd
1.71
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
ld.gold
2.03
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
ld.so
910.97
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
ldd
5.32
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:02
less
197.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:35
lessecho
15.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:35
lesskey
24.61
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:35
lesspipe.sh
3.5
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:44
lexgrog
88.19
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
libnetcfg
15.41
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-07-28 03:54
link
31.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
linux-boot-prober
5.86
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-02-04 09:32
linux32
27.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
linux64
27.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
ln
60.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
loadkeys
200.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
loadunimap
31.61
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
locale
59.08
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
localectl
31.45
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
localedef
314.06
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
lockfile
19.85
KB
-rwxr-sr-x
2022-03-25 15:20
logger
35.98
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
login
43.45
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
loginctl
67.96
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
logname
31.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
look
19.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
ls
137.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
lsattr
15.18
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 15:03
lsblk
124.37
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lscpu
108.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lsgpio
14.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
lsiio
22.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
lsinitrd
11.85
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-17 17:48
lsipc
51.5
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lsirq
23.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lslocks
31.6
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lslogins
51.51
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lsmem
35.53
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lsns
39.33
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
lsof
175.06
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-10 06:42
lsscsi
89.44
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-11 08:15
lto-dump
26.59
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
lwp-download
10.05
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 08:00
lwp-dump
2.65
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 08:00
lwp-mirror
2.36
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 08:00
lwp-request
15.82
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 08:00
mailq
856.39
KB
-rwxr-sr-x
2023-09-26 17:37
mailq.sendmail
856.39
KB
-rwxr-sr-x
2023-09-26 17:37
mailstat
5.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-03-25 15:20
make
249.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-02 12:55
make-dummy-cert
614
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-28 16:17
makemap
86.18
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-26 17:37
man
114.91
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
man-recode
28.01
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
man.man-db
114.91
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
mandb
133.01
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
manpath
31.82
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
mapscrn
31.57
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
mariadb
8.58
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mcookie
27.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
md5sum
39.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
mdig
51.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 05:39
mesg
15.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
mkdir
68.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
mkfifo
39.83
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
mknod
43.88
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
mktemp
39.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
mmdblookup
27.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-01 16:54
modulemd-validator
28.39
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-09 23:30
mokutil
61.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 14:05
more
43.43
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
mount
47.34
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
mountpoint
19.18
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
mpstat
51.79
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 21:19
msgattrib
27.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgcat
27.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgcmp
27.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgcomm
27.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgconv
23.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgen
23.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgexec
23.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgfilter
35.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgfmt
84.09
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msggrep
116.41
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msginit
67.44
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgmerge
75.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msgunfmt
35.33
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
msguniq
23.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
mv
141.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
mysql
8.58
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysql_config
4.54
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:20
mysql_secure_installation
13.58
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:20
mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
4.56
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysql_upgrade
5
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysqladmin
7.94
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysqlbinlog
8.22
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysqlcheck
7.93
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysqld
298.21
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:40
mysqldump
8.05
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysqlimport
7.92
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysqlshow
7.92
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
mysqlslap
7.94
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-05-26 18:41
named-rrchecker
23.14
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 05:39
namei
23.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
ncftp
331.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-15 17:29
ncftpbatch
186.47
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-15 17:29
ncftpbookmarks
76.67
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-15 17:29
ncftpget
174.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-15 17:29
ncftpls
117.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-15 17:29
ncftpput
145.92
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-15 17:29
ncftpspooler
186.47
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2021-12-15 17:29
ndptool
27.42
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-01 17:03
needs-restarting
3.6
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-12 04:27
neqn
916
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
netstat
156.85
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 19:02
newaliases
856.39
KB
-rwxr-sr-x
2023-09-26 17:37
newaliases.sendmail
856.39
KB
-rwxr-sr-x
2023-09-26 17:37
newgidmap
41.95
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:57
newgrp
40.77
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:57
newuidmap
37.93
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:57
nf-ct-add
15.89
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-ct-events
15.33
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-ct-list
15.93
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-exp-add
20.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-exp-delete
16.09
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-exp-list
15.93
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-log
15.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-monitor
15.33
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nf-queue
15.32
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
ngettext
35.34
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
nice
35.67
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
nisdomainname
23.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-14 11:22
nl
100.71
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
nl-addr-add
15.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nl-addr-delete
15.82
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nl-addr-list
19.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nl-class-add
15.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nl-class-delete
15.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-17 12:12
nl-class-list
15.63
KB
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15.5
KB
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2025-03-17 12:12
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19.81
KB
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.73
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.69
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.52
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.29
KB
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.29
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.67
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.29
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.29
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.74
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.53
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.3
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.29
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.48
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.66
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.7
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.61
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.45
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.48
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.53
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.7
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.66
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2025-03-17 12:12
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19.69
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2025-03-17 12:12
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19.84
KB
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2025-03-17 12:12
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19.91
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.31
KB
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.86
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.48
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.6
KB
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2025-03-17 12:12
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15.29
KB
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2025-03-17 12:12
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44.73
KB
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2025-12-18 14:37
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23.38
KB
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2026-04-07 17:54
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1.03
MB
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2026-04-07 17:54
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838.46
KB
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2026-04-07 17:54
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838.46
KB
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2026-04-07 17:54
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838.46
KB
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2026-04-07 17:54
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838.46
KB
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2026-04-07 17:54
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35.58
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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35.69
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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3.21
KB
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2022-02-01 10:44
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27.48
KB
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2026-02-04 21:11
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112.52
KB
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2026-04-15 05:39
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71.8
KB
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2026-04-15 05:39
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55.83
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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185.37
KB
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2025-12-18 14:37
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413.11
KB
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2025-12-18 14:37
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64.06
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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MB
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2026-01-28 16:17
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23.73
KB
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2025-03-13 08:15
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5.78
KB
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2025-02-04 09:32
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188.31
KB
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3.6
KB
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2025-11-12 04:27
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26.13
KB
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2026-04-21 21:17
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31.89
KB
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2022-04-14 14:45
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35.58
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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35.66
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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15.8
KB
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KB
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15.13
KB
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43.81
KB
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2025-07-28 03:54
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118
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2022-02-14 23:51
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KB
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43.81
KB
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2025-07-28 03:54
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31.42
KB
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37.43
MB
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2024-12-20 09:50
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37.31
MB
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2024-12-20 09:50
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201.72
KB
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8.08
KB
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2022-02-11 16:42
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23.33
KB
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51.8
KB
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31.42
KB
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132.84
KB
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2025-03-12 23:06
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89.33
KB
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2025-10-20 12:44
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35.61
KB
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335
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45.36
KB
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2023-04-06 20:27
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31.42
KB
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2024-04-30 16:43
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4.43
KB
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2025-07-28 03:54
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23.37
KB
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2026-02-17 11:04
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35.39
KB
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2024-04-30 16:43
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4.04
KB
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2025-07-28 03:54
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14.68
KB
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2022-03-25 12:10
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10.55
KB
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2022-03-25 12:10
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4.01
KB
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2022-02-11 16:01
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3.57
KB
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2022-02-11 19:01
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199.76
KB
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2022-02-01 10:44
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14.13
KB
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KB
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92.92
KB
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2022-02-01 10:44
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56.27
KB
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2022-02-01 10:44
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31.47
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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51.77
KB
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2025-03-12 12:52
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27.76
KB
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2026-02-04 21:11
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118.11
KB
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2022-03-25 15:20
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13.24
KB
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2022-02-16 11:58
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23.84
KB
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KB
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KB
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KB
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KB
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2022-03-25 15:53
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KB
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KB
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KB
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2022-03-24 22:22
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KB
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2022-03-24 22:22
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KB
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2022-03-24 22:22
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KB
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KB
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KB
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15.28
KB
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15.7
KB
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15.7
KB
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78
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KB
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64.88
KB
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2025-03-12 20:44
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56
KB
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32
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KB
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39.69
KB
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39.77
KB
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15.13
KB
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23.23
KB
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2026-01-28 16:17
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KB
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KB
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3.6
KB
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3.6
KB
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3.6
KB
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3.6
KB
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3.6
KB
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3.6
KB
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27.55
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MB
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65.77
KB
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43.61
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23.32
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15.12
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23.63
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23.63
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558.48
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5.01
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35.65
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MB
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14.52
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132.93
KB
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51.58
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43.48
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35.3
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38.09
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KB
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KB
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KB
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1.26
KB
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KB
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940
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28.25
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114.01
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2022-02-15 10:36
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289.02
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219.93
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15.13
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15.12
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47.79
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2025-03-12 12:52
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23.13
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27.48
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39.98
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20.16
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51.82
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15.38
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2025-03-13 08:15
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19.45
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2025-03-13 08:15
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15.48
KB
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2025-03-13 08:15
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39.35
KB
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15.15
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35.33
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15.44
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140.93
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15.52
KB
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27.95
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2025-03-13 12:20
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24.24
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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55.56
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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15.84
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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15.3
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2025-03-13 12:20
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40.41
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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36.34
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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27.82
KB
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23.97
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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KB
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KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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36.13
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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37.1
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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15.5
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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27.92
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2025-03-13 12:20
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23.77
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2025-03-13 12:20
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15.28
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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27.37
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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37.7
KB
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2025-03-13 12:20
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15.55
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2025-03-13 12:20
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28.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_read_long
15.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_readcap
23.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_reassign
15.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_referrals
15.67
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_rep_pip
15.59
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_rep_zones
28.01
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_requests
23.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_reset
15.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_reset_wp
15.62
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_rmsn
15.51
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_rtpg
15.61
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_safte
23.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_sanitize
28.02
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_sat_identify
19.76
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_sat_phy_event
20.03
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_sat_read_gplog
19.74
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_sat_set_features
19.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_scan
19.36
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_seek
19.91
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_senddiag
28.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_ses
121.22
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_ses_microcode
28.42
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_start
19.89
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_stpg
23.73
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_stream_ctl
19.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_sync
15.68
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_test_rwbuf
19.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_timestamp
23.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_turs
27.78
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_unmap
23.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_verify
19.92
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_vpd
119.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_wr_mode
23.73
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_write_buffer
28.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_write_long
15.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_write_same
27.99
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_write_verify
27.83
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_write_x
60.75
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_xcopy
43.54
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sg_zone
19.81
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sginfo
73.76
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sgm_dd
39.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sgp_dd
43.71
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 12:20
sh
1.32
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
sha1hmac
35.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-01 19:12
sha1sum
39.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sha224hmac
35.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-01 19:12
sha224sum
39.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sha256hmac
35.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-01 19:12
sha256sum
39.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sha384hmac
35.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-01 19:12
sha384sum
39.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sha512hmac
35.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-01 19:12
sha512sum
39.64
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
shasum
9.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-11 16:24
showconsolefont
19.46
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
showkey
19.4
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
shred
51.88
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
shuf
48.01
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sigtool
9.09
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-04 23:04
size
31.61
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
skill
31.4
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
slabinfo
42.95
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
slabtop
23.42
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
sleep
35.65
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sm3hmac
35.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-01 19:12
snice
31.4
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
soelim
32.18
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
soelim.groff
32.18
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
sort
113.09
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sotruss
4.18
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:02
spamassassin
29.5
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 23:09
spamc
48.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 23:09
spamd
127.63
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 23:09
spfd
17.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
2022-02-16 08:24
spfd.perl-Mail-SPF
17.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
2022-02-16 08:24
spfquery
22.45
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-16 08:24
spfquery.perl-Mail-SPF
22.45
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-16 08:24
splain
18.96
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-07-28 03:54
split
52.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sprof
35.45
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:04
ssh
843.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-02 15:48
ssh-add
164.72
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-02 15:48
ssh-agent
280.88
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-02 15:48
ssh-copy-id
12.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-02 15:48
ssh-keygen
454.85
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-02 15:48
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197.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-02 15:48
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23.88
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-12 01:23
sss_ssh_authorizedkeys
23.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-27 15:36
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27.3
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-27 15:36
stat
80.06
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
stdbuf
43.74
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
streamzip
7.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-16 12:21
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31.74
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
strip
185.37
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-18 14:37
stty
75.83
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
su
55.6
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
sudo
180.96
KB
---s--x--x
2025-09-21 14:35
sudoedit
180.96
KB
---s--x--x
2025-09-21 14:35
sudoreplay
84.97
KB
---x--x--x
2025-09-21 14:35
sum
35.59
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
sync
35.54
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
systemctl
298.42
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
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201.59
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-ask-password
19.46
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-cat
19.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-cgls
23.47
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-cgtop
39.41
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-creds
43.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-cryptenroll
72.08
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-delta
27.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-detect-virt
19.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-dissect
47.78
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-escape
23.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-firstboot
56.09
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-hwdb
15.28
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-id128
27.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-inhibit
23.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-machine-id-setup
19.55
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-mount
60.03
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-notify
23.31
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-path
19.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-repart
169.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-run
64.02
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-socket-activate
27.35
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-stdio-bridge
23.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-sysext
47.76
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-sysusers
72.36
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-tmpfiles
124.54
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
39.37
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
systemd-umount
60.03
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
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19.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
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104.6
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
tail
68.09
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
tapestat
27.55
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 21:19
tar
518.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-05 19:41
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23.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
tbl
130.86
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
team2bond
15.76
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:53
teamd
166.59
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:53
teamdctl
37.12
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:53
teamnl
23.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-01-23 19:53
tee
35.69
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
test
43.79
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
tic
87.79
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
timedatectl
47.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
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40.17
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
tload
19.34
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
tmon
42.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
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23.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
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132.27
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
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92.03
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
tput
27.25
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
tr
47.87
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
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19.22
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-10-20 12:44
troff
732.07
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
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27.47
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
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35.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
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221.06
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-12-17 11:04
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27.34
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 09:23
tsort
47.79
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
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31.65
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
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176.62
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
type
32
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
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14.99
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-17 11:01
udevadm
583.8
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-07 19:13
ul
23.26
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
ulimit
34
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
ulockmgr_server
19.38
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 19:30
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33
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
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35.27
KB
-rwsr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
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35
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
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31.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
uname26
27.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
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39.73
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
unicode_start
2.57
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:14
unicode_stop
367
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2012-02-27 10:27
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43.83
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
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31.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
unpigz
132.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 23:06
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31.55
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
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84.94
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-06-08 08:30
unzip
195.95
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:04
unzipsfx
87.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 11:04
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4.36
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-19 09:34
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87
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-05 13:18
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59.87
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-04-06 23:20
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15.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
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35.68
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
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15.29
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 19:47
utmpdump
23.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
uuidgen
19.16
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
uuidparse
23.21
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
vdir
137.65
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
vi
691
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 09:43
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150
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-15 09:43
vlock
23.62
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-13 08:15
vmstat
39.41
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
w
23.37
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
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32
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 14:33
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23.23
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
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27.87
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-04-30 16:43
watchgnupg
23.2
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-01-15 21:34
wc
43.73
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
wdctl
31.33
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
webuzo
67
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-16 10:32
wget
521.41
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-09-03 11:58
whatis
48.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
whatis.man-db
48.52
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-21 12:57
whereis
31.84
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
which
27.89
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-08-05 06:19
whiptail
31.93
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-10 13:07
who
51.77
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
whoami
31.66
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-03-12 12:52
write
23.24
KB
-rwxr-sr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
x86_64
27.48
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-02-04 21:11
x86_64-redhat-linux-c++
1.05
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
x86_64-redhat-linux-g++
1.05
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc
1.04
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
x86_64-redhat-linux-gcc-11
1.04
MB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-09-15 15:46
x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu-pkg-config
829
B
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-04-06 20:27
x86_energy_perf_policy
38.73
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2026-04-21 21:17
xargs
64.09
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2024-10-02 21:04
xb-tool
31.46
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-04-05 21:02
xgettext
296.7
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2023-09-27 06:53
xmlcatalog
23.15
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-01 03:41
xmllint
80.56
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-12-01 03:41
xmlwf
39.63
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2025-11-26 16:14
xsubpp
4.96
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-16 08:56
xz
84.94
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-06-08 08:30
xzcat
84.94
KB
-rwxr-xr-x
2022-06-08 08:30
xzcmp
6.48
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2022-06-08 08:30
xzdec
15.85
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2022-06-08 08:30
xzdiff
6.48
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2022-06-08 08:30
xzegrep
5.77
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2022-06-08 08:30
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5.77
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2022-06-08 08:30
xzgrep
5.77
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2022-06-08 08:30
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1.76
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2022-06-08 08:30
xzmore
2.12
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2022-06-08 08:30
yes
31.51
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2025-03-12 12:52
ypdomainname
23.84
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2022-02-14 11:22
yum
2.04
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2025-09-22 11:27
yum-builddep
3.6
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2025-11-12 04:27
yum-config-manager
3.6
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2025-11-12 04:27
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3.6
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yum-debug-restore
3.6
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2025-11-12 04:27
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3.6
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2025-11-12 04:27
yumdownloader
3.6
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2025-11-12 04:27
zcat
1.94
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2022-10-15 17:26
zcmp
1.64
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2022-10-15 17:26
zdiff
6.31
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2022-10-15 17:26
zdump
27.35
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2026-02-17 11:04
zegrep
33
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2022-10-15 17:26
zfgrep
33
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2022-10-15 17:26
zforce
2.04
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2022-10-15 17:26
zgrep
7.93
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2022-10-15 17:26
zip
221.09
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2023-04-07 14:02
zipcloak
75.7
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2023-04-07 14:02
zipdetails
58.56
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2022-02-16 12:21
zipgrep
2.89
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-rwxr-xr-x
2008-10-10 17:40
zipinfo
195.95
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2025-09-21 11:04
zipnote
67.61
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2023-04-07 14:02
zipsplit
63.58
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2023-04-07 14:02
zless
2.16
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2022-10-15 17:26
zmore
1.8
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2022-10-15 17:26
znew
4.47
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2022-10-15 17:26
zsoelim
32.18
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-rwxr-xr-x
2022-02-01 10:44
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#!/usr/bin/perl -T -w # <@LICENSE> # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. # The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at: # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # </@LICENSE> use strict; use warnings; # use bytes; use Errno qw(EBADF); use Getopt::Long; use Pod::Usage; use File::Spec; use POSIX qw(locale_h setsid sigprocmask _exit); POSIX::setlocale(LC_TIME,'C'); our ( $spamtest, %opt, $isspam, $forget, $messagecount, $learnedcount, $messagelimit, $progress, $total_messages, $init_results, $start_time, $synconly, $learnprob, @targets, $bayes_override_path ); my $PREFIX = '/usr'; # substituted at 'make' time my $DEF_RULES_DIR = '/usr/share/spamassassin'; # substituted at 'make' time my $LOCAL_RULES_DIR = '/etc/mail/spamassassin'; # substituted at 'make' time use lib '/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl'; # substituted at 'make' time BEGIN { # see comments in "spamassassin.raw" for doco my @bin = File::Spec->splitpath($0); my $bin = ($bin[0] ? File::Spec->catpath(@bin[0..1], '') : $bin[1]) || File::Spec->curdir; if (-e $bin.'/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin.pm' || !-e '/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/Mail/SpamAssassin.pm' ) { my $searchrelative; if ($searchrelative && $bin eq '../' && -e '../blib/lib/Mail/SpamAssassin.pm') { unshift ( @INC, '../blib/lib' ); } else { foreach ( qw(lib ../lib/site_perl ../lib/spamassassin ../share/spamassassin/lib)) { my $dir = File::Spec->catdir( $bin, split ( '/', $_ ) ); if ( -f File::Spec->catfile( $dir, "Mail", "SpamAssassin.pm" ) ) { unshift ( @INC, $dir ); last; } } } } } use Mail::SpamAssassin; use Mail::SpamAssassin::ArchiveIterator; use Mail::SpamAssassin::Message; use Mail::SpamAssassin::PerMsgLearner; use Mail::SpamAssassin::Util::Progress; use Mail::SpamAssassin::Logger; ########################################################################### $SIG{PIPE} = 'IGNORE'; # used to be CmdLearn::cmd_run() ... %opt = ( 'force-expire' => 0, 'use-ignores' => 0, 'nosync' => 0, 'quiet' => 0, 'cf' => [] ); Getopt::Long::Configure( qw(bundling no_getopt_compat permute no_auto_abbrev no_ignore_case) ); GetOptions( 'forget' => \$forget, 'ham|nonspam' => sub { $isspam = 0; }, 'spam' => sub { $isspam = 1; }, 'sync' => \$synconly, 'rebuild' => sub { $synconly = 1; warn "The --rebuild option has been deprecated. Please use --sync instead.\n" }, 'q|quiet' => \$opt{'quiet'}, 'username|u=s' => \$opt{'username'}, 'configpath|config-file|config-dir|c|C=s' => \$opt{'configpath'}, 'prefspath|prefs-file|p=s' => \$opt{'prefspath'}, 'siteconfigpath=s' => \$opt{'siteconfigpath'}, 'cf=s' => \@{$opt{'cf'}}, 'folders|f=s' => \$opt{'folders'}, 'force-expire|expire' => \$opt{'force-expire'}, 'local|L' => \$opt{'local'}, 'no-sync|nosync' => \$opt{'nosync'}, 'showdots' => \$opt{'showdots'}, 'progress' => \$opt{'progress'}, 'use-ignores' => \$opt{'use-ignores'}, 'no-rebuild|norebuild' => sub { $opt{'nosync'} = 1; warn "The --no-rebuild option has been deprecated. Please use --no-sync instead.\n" }, 'learnprob=f' => \$opt{'learnprob'}, 'randseed=i' => \$opt{'randseed'}, 'stopafter=i' => \$opt{'stopafter'}, 'max-size=i' => \$opt{'max-size'}, 'debug|debug-level|D:s' => \$opt{'debug'}, 'help|h|?' => \$opt{'help'}, 'version|V' => \$opt{'version'}, 'dump:s' => \$opt{'dump'}, 'import' => \$opt{'import'}, 'backup' => \$opt{'backup'}, 'clear' => \$opt{'clear'}, 'restore=s' => \$opt{'restore'}, 'dir' => sub { $opt{'old_format'} = 'dir'; }, 'file' => sub { $opt{'old_format'} = 'file'; }, 'mbox' => sub { $opt{'format'} = 'mbox'; }, 'mbx' => sub { $opt{'format'} = 'mbx'; }, 'single' => sub { $opt{'old_format'} = 'single'; }, 'db|dbpath=s' => \$bayes_override_path, 're|regexp=s' => \$opt{'regexp'}, '<>' => \&target, ) or usage( 0, "Unknown option!" ); if ( defined $opt{'help'} ) { usage( 0, "For more information read the manual page" ); } if ( defined $opt{'version'} ) { print "SpamAssassin version " . Mail::SpamAssassin::Version() . "\n"; exit 0; } # set debug areas, if any specified (only useful for command-line tools) if (defined $opt{'debug'}) { $opt{'debug'} ||= 'all'; } if ( $opt{'force-expire'} ) { $synconly = 1; } if ($opt{'showdots'} && $opt{'progress'}) { print "--showdots and --progress may not be used together, please select just one\n"; exit 0; } if ( !defined $isspam && !defined $synconly && !defined $forget && !defined $opt{'dump'} && !defined $opt{'import'} && !defined $opt{'clear'} && !defined $opt{'backup'} && !defined $opt{'restore'} && !defined $opt{'folders'} ) { usage( 0, "Please select either --spam, --ham, --folders, --forget, --sync, --import,\n--dump, --clear, --backup or --restore" ); } # We need to make sure the journal syncs pre-forget... if ( defined $forget && $opt{'nosync'} ) { $opt{'nosync'} = 0; warn "sa-learn warning: --forget requires read/write access to the database, and is incompatible with --no-sync\n"; } if ( defined $opt{'old_format'} ) { #Format specified in the 2.5x form of --dir, --file, --mbox, --mbx or --single. #Convert it to the new behavior: if ( $opt{'old_format'} eq 'single' ) { push ( @ARGV, '-' ); } } my $post_config = ''; # kluge to support old check_bayes_db operation # bug 3799: init() will go r/o with the configured DB, and then dbpath needs # to override. Just access the dbpath version via post_config_text. if ( defined $bayes_override_path ) { # Add a default prefix if the path is a directory if ( -d $bayes_override_path ) { $bayes_override_path = File::Spec->catfile( $bayes_override_path, 'bayes' ); } $post_config .= "bayes_path $bayes_override_path\n"; } # These options require bayes_scanner, which requires "use_bayes 1", but # that's not necessary for these commands. if (defined $opt{'dump'} || defined $opt{'import'} || defined $opt{'clear'} || defined $opt{'backup'} || defined $opt{'restore'}) { $post_config .= "use_bayes 1\n"; } $post_config .= join("\n", @{$opt{'cf'}})."\n"; # create the tester factory $spamtest = new Mail::SpamAssassin( { rules_filename => $opt{'configpath'}, site_rules_filename => $opt{'siteconfigpath'}, userprefs_filename => $opt{'prefspath'}, username => $opt{'username'}, debug => $opt{'debug'}, local_tests_only => $opt{'local'}, dont_copy_prefs => 1, PREFIX => $PREFIX, DEF_RULES_DIR => $DEF_RULES_DIR, LOCAL_RULES_DIR => $LOCAL_RULES_DIR, post_config_text => $post_config, } ); $spamtest->init(1); dbg("sa-learn: spamtest initialized"); # Bug 6228 hack: bridge the transition gap of moving Bayes.pm into a plugin; # To be resolved more cleanly!!! if ($spamtest->{bayes_scanner}) { foreach my $plugin ( @{ $spamtest->{plugins}->{plugins} } ) { if ($plugin->isa('Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin::Bayes')) { # copy plugin's "store" object ref one level up! $spamtest->{bayes_scanner}->{store} = $plugin->{store}; } } } if (Mail::SpamAssassin::Util::am_running_on_windows()) { binmode(STDIN) or die "cannot set binmode on STDIN: $!"; # bug 4363 binmode(STDOUT) or die "cannot set binmode on STDOUT: $!"; } if ( defined $opt{'dump'} ) { my ( $magic, $toks ); if ( $opt{'dump'} eq 'all' || $opt{'dump'} eq '' ) { # show us all tokens! ( $magic, $toks ) = ( 1, 1 ); } elsif ( $opt{'dump'} eq 'magic' ) { # show us magic tokens only ( $magic, $toks ) = ( 1, 0 ); } elsif ( $opt{'dump'} eq 'data' ) { # show us data tokens only ( $magic, $toks ) = ( 0, 1 ); } else { # unknown option warn "Unknown dump option '" . $opt{'dump'} . "'\n"; $spamtest->finish_learner(); exit 1; } if (!$spamtest->dump_bayes_db( $magic, $toks, $opt{'regexp'}) ) { $spamtest->finish_learner(); die "ERROR: Bayes dump returned an error, please re-run with -D for more information\n"; } $spamtest->finish_learner(); # make sure we notice any write errors while flushing output buffer close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!"; close STDIN or die "error closing STDIN: $!"; exit 0; } if ( defined $opt{'import'} ) { my $ret = $spamtest->{bayes_scanner}->{store}->perform_upgrade(); $spamtest->finish_learner(); # make sure we notice any write errors while flushing output buffer close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!"; close STDIN or die "error closing STDIN: $!"; exit( !$ret ); } if (defined $opt{'clear'}) { unless ($spamtest->{bayes_scanner}->{store}->clear_database()) { $spamtest->finish_learner(); die "ERROR: Bayes clear returned an error, please re-run with -D for more information\n"; } $spamtest->finish_learner(); # make sure we notice any write errors while flushing output buffer close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!"; close STDIN or die "error closing STDIN: $!"; exit 0; } if (defined $opt{'backup'}) { unless ($spamtest->{bayes_scanner}->{store}->backup_database()) { $spamtest->finish_learner(); die "ERROR: Bayes backup returned an error, please re-run with -D for more information\n"; } $spamtest->finish_learner(); # make sure we notice any write errors while flushing output buffer close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!"; close STDIN or die "error closing STDIN: $!"; exit 0; } if (defined $opt{'restore'}) { my $filename = $opt{'restore'}; unless ($filename) { $spamtest->finish_learner(); die "ERROR: You must specify a filename to restore.\n"; } unless ($spamtest->{bayes_scanner}->{store}->restore_database($filename, $opt{'showdots'})) { $spamtest->finish_learner(); die "ERROR: Bayes restore returned an error, please re-run with -D for more information\n"; } $spamtest->finish_learner(); # make sure we notice any write errors while flushing output buffer close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!"; close STDIN or die "error closing STDIN: $!"; exit 0; } if ( !$spamtest->{conf}->{use_bayes} ) { warn "ERROR: configuration specifies 'use_bayes 0', sa-learn disabled\n"; exit 1; } $spamtest->init_learner( { force_expire => $opt{'force-expire'}, learn_to_journal => $opt{'nosync'}, wait_for_lock => 1, caller_will_untie => 1 } ); $spamtest->{bayes_scanner}{use_ignores} = $opt{'use-ignores'}; if ($synconly) { $spamtest->rebuild_learner_caches( { verbose => !$opt{'quiet'}, showdots => $opt{'showdots'} } ); $spamtest->finish_learner(); # make sure we notice any write errors while flushing output buffer close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!"; close STDIN or die "error closing STDIN: $!"; exit 0; } $messagelimit = $opt{'stopafter'}; $learnprob = $opt{'learnprob'}; if ( defined $opt{'randseed'} ) { srand( $opt{'randseed'} ); } # sync the journal first if we're going to go r/w so we make sure to # learn everything before doing anything else. # if ( !$opt{nosync} ) { $spamtest->rebuild_learner_caches(); } # what is the result of the run? will end up being the exit code. my $exit_status = 0; # run this lot in an eval block, so we can catch die's and clear # up the dbs. eval { $SIG{HUP} = \&killed; $SIG{INT} = \&killed; $SIG{TERM} = \&killed; if ( $opt{folders} ) { open( F, $opt{folders} ) or die "cannot open $opt{folders}: $!"; for ($!=0; <F>; $!=0) { chomp; next if /^\s*$/; if (/^(ham|spam):(\w*):(.*)/) { my $class = $1; my $format = $2 || "detect"; my $target = $3; push ( @targets, "$class:$format:$target" ); } else { target($_); } } defined $_ || $!==0 or $!==EBADF ? dbg("error reading from $opt{folders}: $!") : die "error reading from $opt{folders}: $!"; close(F) or die "error closing $opt{folders}: $!"; } ########################################################################### # Deal with the target listing, and STDIN -> tempfile my $tempfile; # will be defined if stdin -> tempfile push(@targets, @ARGV); @targets = ('-') unless @targets || $opt{folders}; for(my $elem = 0; $elem <= $#targets; $elem++) { # ArchiveIterator doesn't really like STDIN, so if "-" is specified # as a target, make it a temp file instead. if ( $targets[$elem] =~ /(?:^|:)-$/ ) { if (defined $tempfile) { # uh-oh, stdin specified multiple times? warn "skipping extra stdin target (".$targets[$elem].")\n"; splice @targets, $elem, 1; $elem--; # go back to this element again next; } else { my $handle; ( $tempfile, $handle ) = Mail::SpamAssassin::Util::secure_tmpfile(); binmode $handle or die "cannot set binmode on file $tempfile: $!"; # avoid slurping the whole file into memory, copy chunk by chunk my($inbuf,$nread); while ( $nread=sysread(STDIN,$inbuf,16384) ) { print {$handle} $inbuf or die "error writing to $tempfile: $!" } defined $nread or die "error reading from STDIN: $!"; close $handle or die "error closing $tempfile: $!"; # re-aim the targets at the tempfile instead of STDIN $targets[$elem] =~ s/-$/$tempfile/; } } # make sure the target list is in the normal AI format if ($targets[$elem] !~ /^[^:]*:[a-z]+:/) { my $item = splice @targets, $elem, 1; target($item); # add back to the list $elem--; # go back to this element again next; } } ########################################################################### my $iter = new Mail::SpamAssassin::ArchiveIterator( { # skip messages larger than max-size bytes, # 0 for no limit, undef defaults to 256 KB 'opt_max_size' => $opt{'max-size'}, 'opt_want_date' => 0, 'opt_from_regex' => $spamtest->{conf}->{mbox_format_from_regex}, } ); $iter->set_functions(\&wanted, \&result); $messagecount = 0; $learnedcount = 0; $init_results = 0; $start_time = time; # if exit_status isn't already set to non-zero, set it to the reverse of the # run result (0 is bad, 1+ is good -- the opposite of exit status codes) my $run_ok = eval { $exit_status ||= ! $iter->run(@targets); 1 }; print STDERR "\n" if ($opt{showdots}); $progress->final() if ($opt{progress} && $progress); my $phrase = defined $forget ? "Forgot" : "Learned"; print "$phrase tokens from $learnedcount message(s) ($messagecount message(s) examined)\n" if !$opt{'quiet'}; # If we needed to make a tempfile, go delete it. if (defined $tempfile) { unlink $tempfile or die "cannot unlink temporary file $tempfile: $!"; undef $tempfile; } if (!$run_ok && $@ !~ /HITLIMIT/) { die $@ } 1; } or do { my $eval_stat = $@ ne '' ? $@ : "errno=$!"; chomp $eval_stat; $spamtest->finish_learner(); die $eval_stat; }; $spamtest->finish_learner(); # make sure we notice any write errors while flushing output buffer close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!"; close STDIN or die "error closing STDIN: $!"; exit $exit_status; ########################################################################### sub killed { $spamtest->finish_learner(); die "interrupted"; } sub target { my ($target) = @_; my $class = ( $isspam ? "spam" : "ham" ); my $format = ( defined( $opt{'format'} ) ? $opt{'format'} : "detect" ); push ( @targets, "$class:$format:$target" ); } ########################################################################### sub init_results { $init_results = 1; return unless $opt{'progress'}; $total_messages = $Mail::SpamAssassin::ArchiveIterator::MESSAGES; $progress = Mail::SpamAssassin::Util::Progress->new({total => $total_messages,}); } ########################################################################### sub result { my ($class, $result, $time) = @_; # don't open results files until we get here to avoid overwriting files &init_results if !$init_results; $progress->update($messagecount) if ($opt{progress} && $progress); } ########################################################################### sub wanted { my ( $class, $id, $time, $dataref ) = @_; my $spam = $class eq "s" ? 1 : 0; if ( defined($learnprob) ) { if ( int( rand( 1 / $learnprob ) ) != 0 ) { print STDERR '_' if ( $opt{showdots} ); return 1; } } if ( defined($messagelimit) && $learnedcount > $messagelimit ) { $progress->final() if ($opt{progress} && $progress); die 'HITLIMIT'; } $messagecount++; my $ma = $spamtest->parse($dataref); if ( $ma->get_header("X-Spam-Checker-Version") ) { my $new_ma = $spamtest->parse($spamtest->remove_spamassassin_markup($ma), 1); $ma->finish(); $ma = $new_ma; } my $status = $spamtest->learn( $ma, undef, $spam, $forget ); my $learned = $status->did_learn(); if ( !defined $learned ) { # undef=learning unavailable die "ERROR: the Bayes learn function returned an error, please re-run with -D for more information\n"; } elsif ( $learned == 1 ) { # 1=message was learned. 0=message wasn't learned $learnedcount++; } # Do cleanup ... $status->finish(); undef $status; $ma->finish(); undef $ma; print STDERR '.' if ( $opt{showdots} ); return 1; } ########################################################################### sub usage { my ( $verbose, $message ) = @_; my $ver = Mail::SpamAssassin::Version(); print "SpamAssassin version $ver\n"; pod2usage( -verbose => $verbose, -message => $message, -exitval => 64 ); } # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- =head1 NAME sa-learn - train SpamAssassin's Bayesian classifier =head1 SYNOPSIS B<sa-learn> [options] [file]... B<sa-learn> [options] --dump [ all | data | magic ] Options: --ham Learn messages as ham (non-spam) --spam Learn messages as spam --forget Forget a message --use-ignores Use bayes_ignore_from and bayes_ignore_to --sync Synchronize the database and the journal if needed --force-expire Force a database sync and expiry run --dbpath <path> Allows commandline override (in bayes_path form) for where to read the Bayes DB from --dump [all|data|magic] Display the contents of the Bayes database Takes optional argument for what to display --regexp <re> For dump only, specifies which tokens to dump based on a regular expression. -f file, --folders=file Read list of files/directories from file --dir Ignored; historical compatibility --file Ignored; historical compatibility --mbox Input sources are in mbox format --mbx Input sources are in mbx format --max-size <b> Skip messages larger than b bytes; defaults to 256 KB, 0 implies no limit --showdots Show progress using dots --progress Show progress using progress bar --no-sync Skip synchronizing the database and journal after learning -L, --local Operate locally, no network accesses --import Migrate data from older version/non DB_File based databases --clear Wipe out existing database --backup Backup, to STDOUT, existing database --restore <filename> Restore a database from filename -u username, --username=username Override username taken from the runtime environment, used with SQL -C path, --configpath=path, --config-file=path Path to standard configuration dir -p prefs, --prefspath=file, --prefs-file=file Set user preferences file --siteconfigpath=path Path for site configs (default: /usr/etc/mail/spamassassin) --cf='config line' Additional line of configuration -D, --debug [area=n,...] Print debugging messages -V, --version Print version -h, --help Print usage message =head1 DESCRIPTION Given a typical selection of your incoming mail classified as spam or ham (non-spam), this tool will feed each mail to SpamAssassin, allowing it to 'learn' what signs are likely to mean spam, and which are likely to mean ham. Simply run this command once for each of your mail folders, and it will ''learn'' from the mail therein. Note that csh-style I<globbing> in the mail folder names is supported; in other words, listing a folder name as C<*> will scan every folder that matches. See C<Mail::SpamAssassin::ArchiveIterator> for more details. If you are using mail boxes in format other than maildir you should use the B<--mbox> or B<--mbx> parameters. SpamAssassin remembers which mail messages it has learnt already, and will not re-learn those messages again, unless you use the B<--forget> option. Messages learnt as spam will have SpamAssassin markup removed, on the fly. If you make a mistake and scan a mail as ham when it is spam, or vice versa, simply rerun this command with the correct classification, and the mistake will be corrected. SpamAssassin will automatically 'forget' the previous indications. Users of C<spamd> who wish to perform training remotely, over a network, should investigate the C<spamc -L> switch. =head1 OPTIONS =over 4 =item B<--ham> Learn the input message(s) as ham. If you have previously learnt any of the messages as spam, SpamAssassin will forget them first, then re-learn them as ham. Alternatively, if you have previously learnt them as ham, it'll skip them this time around. If the messages have already been filtered through SpamAssassin, the learner will ignore any modifications SpamAssassin may have made. =item B<--spam> Learn the input message(s) as spam. If you have previously learnt any of the messages as ham, SpamAssassin will forget them first, then re-learn them as spam. Alternatively, if you have previously learnt them as spam, it'll skip them this time around. If the messages have already been filtered through SpamAssassin, the learner will ignore any modifications SpamAssassin may have made. =item B<--folders>=I<filename>, B<-f> I<filename> sa-learn will read in the list of folders from the specified file, one folder per line in the file. If the folder is prefixed with C<ham:type:> or C<spam:type:>, sa-learn will learn that folder appropriately, otherwise the folders will be assumed to be of the type specified by B<--ham> or B<--spam>. C<type> above is optional, but is the same as the standard for ArchiveIterator: mbox, mbx, dir, file, or detect (the default if not specified). =item B<--mbox> sa-learn will read in the file(s) containing the emails to be learned, and will process them in mbox format (one or more emails per file). =item B<--mbx> sa-learn will read in the file(s) containing the emails to be learned, and will process them in mbx format (one or more emails per file). =item B<--use-ignores> Don't learn the message if a from address matches configuration file item C<bayes_ignore_from> or a to address matches C<bayes_ignore_to>. The option might be used when learning from a large file of messages from which the hammy spam messages or spammy ham messages have not been removed. =item B<--sync> Synchronize the journal and databases. Upon successfully syncing the database with the entries in the journal, the journal file is removed. =item B<--force-expire> Forces an expiry attempt, regardless of whether it may be necessary or not. Note: This doesn't mean any tokens will actually expire. Please see the EXPIRATION section below. Note: C<--force-expire> also causes the journal data to be synchronized into the Bayes databases. =item B<--forget> Forget a given message previously learnt. =item B<--dbpath> Allows a commandline override of the I<bayes_path> configuration option. =item B<--dump> I<option> Display the contents of the Bayes database. Without an option or with the I<all> option, all magic tokens and data tokens will be displayed. I<magic> will only display magic tokens, and I<data> will only display the data tokens. Can also use the B<--regexp> I<RE> option to specify which tokens to display based on a regular expression. =item B<--clear> Clear an existing Bayes database by removing all traces of the database. WARNING: This is destructive and should be used with care. =item B<--backup> Performs a dump of the Bayes database in machine/human readable format. The dump will include token and seen data. It is suitable for input back into the --restore command. =item B<--restore>=I<filename> Performs a restore of the Bayes database defined by I<filename>. WARNING: This is a destructive operation, previous Bayes data will be wiped out. =item B<-h>, B<--help> Print help message and exit. =item B<-u> I<username>, B<--username>=I<username> If specified this username will override the username taken from the runtime environment. You can use this option to specify users in a virtual user configuration when using SQL as the Bayes backend. NOTE: This option will not change to the given I<username>, it will only attempt to act on behalf of that user. Because of this you will need to have proper permissions to be able to change files owned by I<username>. In the case of SQL this generally is not a problem. =item B<-C> I<path>, B<--configpath>=I<path>, B<--config-file>=I<path> Use the specified path for locating the distributed configuration files. Ignore the default directories (usually C</usr/share/spamassassin> or similar). =item B<--siteconfigpath>=I<path> Use the specified path for locating site-specific configuration files. Ignore the default directories (usually C</etc/mail/spamassassin> or similar). =item B<--cf='config line'> Add additional lines of configuration directly from the command-line, parsed after the configuration files are read. Multiple B<--cf> arguments can be used, and each will be considered a separate line of configuration. =item B<-p> I<prefs>, B<--prefspath>=I<prefs>, B<--prefs-file>=I<prefs> Read user score preferences from I<prefs> (usually C<$HOME/.spamassassin/user_prefs>). =item B<--progress> Prints a progress bar (to STDERR) showing the current progress. In the case where no valid terminal is found this option will behave very much like the --showdots option. =item B<-D> [I<area,...>], B<--debug> [I<area,...>] Produce debugging output. If no areas are listed, all debugging information is printed. Diagnostic output can also be enabled for each area individually; I<area> is the area of the code to instrument. For example, to produce diagnostic output on bayes, learn, and dns, use: spamassassin -D bayes,learn,dns For more information about which areas (also known as channels) are available, please see the documentation at: C<http://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/DebugChannels> Higher priority informational messages that are suitable for logging in normal circumstances are available with an area of "info". =item B<--no-sync> Skip the slow synchronization step which normally takes place after changing database entries. If you plan to learn from many folders in a batch, or to learn many individual messages one-by-one, it is faster to use this switch and run C<sa-learn --sync> once all the folders have been scanned. Clarification: The state of I<--no-sync> overrides the I<bayes_learn_to_journal> configuration option. If not specified, sa-learn will learn to the database directly. If specified, sa-learn will learn to the journal file. Note: I<--sync> and I<--no-sync> can be specified on the same commandline, which is slightly confusing. In this case, the I<--no-sync> option is ignored since there is no learn operation. =item B<-L>, B<--local> Do not perform any network accesses while learning details about the mail messages. This will speed up the learning process, but may result in a slightly lower accuracy. Note that this is currently ignored, as current versions of SpamAssassin will not perform network access while learning; but future versions may. =item B<--import> If you previously used SpamAssassin's Bayesian learner without the C<DB_File> module installed, it will have created files in other formats, such as C<GDBM_File>, C<NDBM_File>, or C<SDBM_File>. This switch allows you to migrate that old data into the C<DB_File> format. It will overwrite any data currently in the C<DB_File>. Can also be used with the B<--dbpath> I<path> option to specify the location of the Bayes files to use. =back =head1 MIGRATION There are now multiple backend storage modules available for storing user's bayesian data. As such you might want to migrate from one backend to another. Here is a simple procedure for migrating from one backend to another. Note that if you have individual user databases you will have to perform a similar procedure for each one of them. =over 4 =item sa-learn --sync This will sync any outstanding journal entries =item sa-learn --backup > backup.txt This will save all your Bayes data to a plain text file. =item sa-learn --clear This is optional, but good to do to clear out the old database. =item Repeat! At this point, if you have multiple databases, you should perform the procedure above for each of them. (i.e. each user's database needs to be backed up before continuing.) =item Switch backends Once you have backed up all databases you can update your configuration for the new database backend. This will involve at least the bayes_store_module config option and may involve some additional config options depending on what is required by the module. (For example, you may need to configure an SQL database.) =item sa-learn --restore backup.txt Again, you need to do this for every database. =back If you are migrating to SQL you can make use of the -u <username> option in sa-learn to populate each user's database. Otherwise, you must run sa-learn as the user who database you are restoring. =head1 INTRODUCTION TO BAYESIAN FILTERING (Thanks to Michael Bell for this section!) For a more lengthy description of how this works, go to http://www.paulgraham.com/ and see "A Plan for Spam". It's reasonably readable, even if statistics make me break out in hives. The short semi-inaccurate version: Given training, a spam heuristics engine can take the most "spammy" and "hammy" words and apply probabilistic analysis. Furthermore, once given a basis for the analysis, the engine can continue to learn iteratively by applying both the non-Bayesian and Bayesian rulesets together to create evolving "intelligence". SpamAssassin 2.50 and later supports Bayesian spam analysis, in the form of the BAYES rules. This is a new feature, quite powerful, and is disabled until enough messages have been learnt. The pros of Bayesian spam analysis: =over 4 =item Can greatly reduce false positives and false negatives. It learns from your mail, so it is tailored to your unique e-mail flow. =item Once it starts learning, it can continue to learn from SpamAssassin and improve over time. =back And the cons: =over 4 =item A decent number of messages are required before results are useful for ham/spam determination. =item It's hard to explain why a message is or isn't marked as spam. i.e.: a straightforward rule, that matches, say, "VIAGRA" is easy to understand. If it generates a false positive or false negative, it is fairly easy to understand why. With Bayesian analysis, it's all probabilities - "because the past says it is likely as this falls into a probabilistic distribution common to past spam in your systems". Tell that to your users! Tell that to the client when he asks "what can I do to change this". (By the way, the answer in this case is "use whitelisting".) =item It will take disk space and memory. The databases it maintains take quite a lot of resources to store and use. =back =head1 GETTING STARTED Still interested? Ok, here's the guidelines for getting this working. First a high-level overview: =over 4 =item Build a significant sample of both ham and spam. I suggest several thousand of each, placed in SPAM and HAM directories or mailboxes. Yes, you MUST hand-sort this - otherwise the results won't be much better than SpamAssassin on its own. Verify the spamminess/haminess of EVERY message. You're urged to avoid using a publicly available corpus (sample) - this must be taken from YOUR mail server, if it is to be statistically useful. Otherwise, the results may be pretty skewed. =item Use this tool to teach SpamAssassin about these samples, like so: sa-learn --spam /path/to/spam/folder sa-learn --ham /path/to/ham/folder ... Let SpamAssassin proceed, learning stuff. When it finds ham and spam it will add the "interesting tokens" to the database. =item If you need SpamAssassin to forget about specific messages, use the B<--forget> option. This can be applied to either ham or spam that has run through the B<sa-learn> processes. It's a bit of a hammer, really, lowering the weighting of the specific tokens in that message (only if that message has been processed before). =item Learning from single messages uses a command like this: sa-learn --ham --no-sync mailmessage This is handy for binding to a key in your mail user agent. It's very fast, as all the time-consuming stuff is deferred until you run with the C<--sync> option. =item Autolearning is enabled by default If you don't have a corpus of mail saved to learn, you can let SpamAssassin automatically learn the mail that you receive. If you are autolearning from scratch, the amount of mail you receive will determine how long until the BAYES_* rules are activated. =back =head1 EFFECTIVE TRAINING Learning filters require training to be effective. If you don't train them, they won't work. In addition, you need to train them with new messages regularly to keep them up-to-date, or their data will become stale and impact accuracy. You need to train with both spam I<and> ham mails. One type of mail alone will not have any effect. Note that if your mail folders contain things like forwarded spam, discussions of spam-catching rules, etc., this will cause trouble. You should avoid scanning those messages if possible. (An easy way to do this is to move them aside, into a folder which is not scanned.) If the messages you are learning from have already been filtered through SpamAssassin, the learner will compensate for this. In effect, it learns what each message would look like if you had run C<spamassassin -d> over it in advance. Another thing to be aware of, is that typically you should aim to train with at least 1000 messages of spam, and 1000 ham messages, if possible. More is better, but anything over about 5000 messages does not improve accuracy significantly in our tests. Be careful that you train from the same source -- for example, if you train on old spam, but new ham mail, then the classifier will think that a mail with an old date stamp is likely to be spam. It's also worth noting that training with a very small quantity of ham, will produce atrocious results. You should aim to train with at least the same amount (or more if possible!) of ham data than spam. On an on-going basis, it is best to keep training the filter to make sure it has fresh data to work from. There are various ways to do this: =over 4 =item 1. Supervised learning This means keeping a copy of all or most of your mail, separated into spam and ham piles, and periodically re-training using those. It produces the best results, but requires more work from you, the user. (An easy way to do this, by the way, is to create a new folder for 'deleted' messages, and instead of deleting them from other folders, simply move them in there instead. Then keep all spam in a separate folder and never delete it. As long as you remember to move misclassified mails into the correct folder set, it is easy enough to keep up to date.) =item 2. Unsupervised learning from Bayesian classification Another way to train is to chain the results of the Bayesian classifier back into the training, so it reinforces its own decisions. This is only safe if you then retrain it based on any errors you discover. SpamAssassin does not support this method, due to experimental results which strongly indicate that it does not work well, and since Bayes is only one part of the resulting score presented to the user (while Bayes may have made the wrong decision about a mail, it may have been overridden by another system). =item 3. Unsupervised learning from SpamAssassin rules Also called 'auto-learning' in SpamAssassin. Based on statistical analysis of the SpamAssassin success rates, we can automatically train the Bayesian database with a certain degree of confidence that our training data is accurate. It should be supplemented with some supervised training in addition, if possible. This is the default, but can be turned off by setting the SpamAssassin configuration parameter C<bayes_auto_learn> to 0. =item 4. Mistake-based training This means training on a small number of mails, then only training on messages that SpamAssassin classifies incorrectly. This works, but it takes longer to get it right than a full training session would. =back =head1 FILES B<sa-learn> and the other parts of SpamAssassin's Bayesian learner, use a set of persistent database files to store the learnt tokens, as follows. =over 4 =item bayes_toks The database of tokens, containing the tokens learnt, their count of occurrences in ham and spam, and the timestamp when the token was last seen in a message. This database also contains some 'magic' tokens, as follows: the version number of the database, the number of ham and spam messages learnt, the number of tokens in the database, and timestamps of: the last journal sync, the last expiry run, the last expiry token reduction count, the last expiry timestamp delta, the oldest token timestamp in the database, and the newest token timestamp in the database. This is a database file, using C<DB_File>. The database 'version number' is 0 for databases from 2.5x, 1 for databases from certain 2.6x development releases, 2 for 2.6x, and 3 for 3.0 and later releases. =item bayes_seen A map of Message-Id and some data from headers and body to what that message was learnt as. This is used so that SpamAssassin can avoid re-learning a message it has already seen, and so it can reverse the training if you later decide that message was learnt incorrectly. This is a database file, using C<DB_File>. =item bayes_journal While SpamAssassin is scanning mails, it needs to track which tokens it uses in its calculations. To avoid the contention of having each SpamAssassin process attempting to gain write access to the Bayes DB, the token timestamps are written to a 'journal' file which will later (either automatically or via C<sa-learn --sync>) be used to synchronize the Bayes DB. Also, through the use of C<bayes_learn_to_journal>, or when using the C<--no-sync> option with sa-learn, the actual learning data will take be placed into the journal for later synchronization. This is typically useful for high-traffic sites to avoid the same contention as stated above. =back =head1 EXPIRATION Since SpamAssassin can auto-learn messages, the Bayes database files could increase perpetually until they fill your disk. To control this, SpamAssassin performs journal synchronization and bayes expiration periodically when certain criteria (listed below) are met. SpamAssassin can sync the journal and expire the DB tokens either manually or opportunistically. A journal sync is due if I<--sync> is passed to sa-learn (manual), or if the following is true (opportunistic): =over 4 =item - bayes_journal_max_size does not equal 0 (means don't sync) =item - the journal file exists =back and either: =over 4 =item - the journal file has a size greater than bayes_journal_max_size =back or =over 4 =item - a journal sync has previously occurred, and at least 1 day has passed since that sync =back Expiry is due if I<--force-expire> is passed to sa-learn (manual), or if all of the following are true (opportunistic): =over 4 =item - the last expire was attempted at least 12hrs ago =item - bayes_auto_expire does not equal 0 =item - the number of tokens in the DB is > 100,000 =item - the number of tokens in the DB is > bayes_expiry_max_db_size =item - there is at least a 12 hr difference between the oldest and newest token atimes =back =head2 EXPIRE LOGIC If either the manual or opportunistic method causes an expire run to start, here is the logic that is used: =over 4 =item - figure out how many tokens to keep. take the larger of either bayes_expiry_max_db_size * 75% or 100,000 tokens. therefore, the goal reduction is number of tokens - number of tokens to keep. =item - if the reduction number is < 1000 tokens, abort (not worth the effort). =item - if an expire has been done before, guesstimate the new atime delta based on the old atime delta. (new_atime_delta = old_atime_delta * old_reduction_count / goal) =item - if no expire has been done before, or the last expire looks "weird", do an estimation pass. The definition of "weird" is: =over 8 =item - last expire over 30 days ago =item - last atime delta was < 12 hrs =item - last reduction count was < 1000 tokens =item - estimated new atime delta is < 12 hrs =item - the difference between the last reduction count and the goal reduction count is > 50% =back =back =head2 ESTIMATION PASS LOGIC Go through each of the DB's tokens. Starting at 12hrs, calculate whether or not the token would be expired (based on the difference between the token's atime and the db's newest token atime) and keep the count. Work out from 12hrs exponentially by powers of 2. ie: 12hrs * 1, 12hrs * 2, 12hrs * 4, 12hrs * 8, and so on, up to 12hrs * 512 (6144hrs, or 256 days). The larger the delta, the smaller the number of tokens that will be expired. Conversely, the number of tokens goes up as the delta gets smaller. So starting at the largest atime delta, figure out which delta will expire the most tokens without going above the goal expiration count. Use this to choose the atime delta to use, unless one of the following occurs: =over 8 =item - the largest atime (smallest reduction count) would expire too many tokens. this means the learned tokens are mostly old and there needs to be new tokens learned before an expire can occur. =item - all of the atime choices result in 0 tokens being removed. this means the tokens are all newer than 12 hours and there needs to be new tokens learned before an expire can occur. =item - the number of tokens that would be removed is < 1000. the benefit isn't worth the effort. more tokens need to be learned. =back If the expire run gets past this point, it will continue to the end. A new DB is created since the majority of DB libraries don't shrink the DB file when tokens are removed. So we do the "create new, migrate old to new, remove old, rename new" shuffle. =head2 EXPIRY RELATED CONFIGURATION SETTINGS =over 4 =item C<bayes_auto_expire> is used to specify whether or not SpamAssassin ought to opportunistically attempt to expire the Bayes database. The default is 1 (yes). =item C<bayes_expiry_max_db_size> specifies both the auto-expire token count point, as well as the resulting number of tokens after expiry as described above. The default value is 150,000, which is roughly equivalent to a 6Mb database file if you're using DB_File. =item C<bayes_journal_max_size> specifies how large the Bayes journal will grow before it is opportunistically synced. The default value is 102400. =back =head1 INSTALLATION The B<sa-learn> command is part of the B<Mail::SpamAssassin> Perl module. Install this as a normal Perl module, using C<perl -MCPAN -e shell>, or by hand. =head1 SEE ALSO spamassassin(1) spamc(1) Mail::SpamAssassin(3) Mail::SpamAssassin::ArchiveIterator(3) E<lt>http://www.paulgraham.com/E<gt> Paul Graham's "A Plan For Spam" paper E<lt>http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6467E<gt> Gary Robinson's f(x) and combining algorithms, as used in SpamAssassin E<lt>http://www.bgl.nu/~glouis/bogofilter/E<gt> 'Training on error' page. A discussion of various Bayes training regimes, including 'train on error' and unsupervised training. =head1 PREREQUISITES C<Mail::SpamAssassin> =head1 AUTHORS The SpamAssassin(tm) Project E<lt>https://spamassassin.apache.org/E<gt> =cut