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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>General Information — Python-LLFUSE 1.4.2 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <script id="documentation_options" data-url_root="./" src="_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" /> <link rel="next" title="FUSE API Functions" href="fuse_api.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Installation" href="install.html" /> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="fuse_api.html" title="FUSE API Functions" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="install.html" title="Installation" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-0"><a href="index.html">Python-LLFUSE 1.4.2 documentation</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href="">General Information</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="general-information"> <h1>General Information<a class="headerlink" href="#general-information" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="section" id="getting-started"> <span id="id1"></span><h2>Getting started<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-started" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>A file system is implemented by subclassing the <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations" title="llfuse.Operations"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">llfuse.Operations</span></code></a> class and implementing the various request handlers. The handlers respond to requests received from the FUSE kernel module and perform functions like looking up the inode given a file name, looking up attributes of an inode, opening a (file) inode for reading or writing or listing the contents of a (directory) inode.</p> <p>An instance of the operations class is passed to <a class="reference internal" href="fuse_api.html#llfuse.init" title="llfuse.init"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">llfuse.init</span></code></a> to mount the file system. To enter the request handling loop, run <a class="reference internal" href="fuse_api.html#llfuse.main" title="llfuse.main"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">llfuse.main</span></code></a>. This function will return when the file system should be unmounted again, which is done by calling <a class="reference internal" href="fuse_api.html#llfuse.close" title="llfuse.close"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">llfuse.close</span></code></a>.</p> <p>All character data (directory entry names, extended attribute names and values, symbolic link targets etc) are passed as <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.10)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a> and must be returned as <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bytes" title="(in Python v3.10)"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bytes</span></code></a>. This applies to both running under Python 2.x and 3.x</p> <p>For easier debugging, it is strongly recommended that applications using Python-LLFUSE also make use of the <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/3/library/faulthandler.html">faulthandler</a> module.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="lookup-counts"> <h2>Lookup Counts<a class="headerlink" href="#lookup-counts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Most file systems need to keep track which inodes are currently known to the kernel. This is, for example, necessary to correctly implement the <em>unlink</em> system call: when unlinking a directory entry whose associated inode is currently opened, the file system must defer removal of the inode (and thus the file contents) until it is no longer in use by any process.</p> <p>FUSE file systems achieve this by using “lookup counts”. A lookup count is a number that’s associated with an inode. An inode with a lookup count of zero is currently not known to the kernel. This means that if there are no directory entries referring to such an inode it can be safely removed, or (if a file system implements dynamic inode numbers), the inode number can be safely recycled.</p> <p>The lookup count of an inode is increased by one for each call to the <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.lookup" title="llfuse.Operations.lookup"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lookup</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.create" title="llfuse.Operations.create"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.symlink" title="llfuse.Operations.symlink"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symlink</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.mknod" title="llfuse.Operations.mknod"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mknod</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.link" title="llfuse.Operations.link"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">link</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.mkdir" title="llfuse.Operations.mkdir"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></code></a> handlers. The lookup count is decreased by calls to the <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.forget" title="llfuse.Operations.forget"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">forget</span></code></a> handler.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="fuse-and-vfs-locking"> <h2>FUSE and VFS Locking<a class="headerlink" href="#fuse-and-vfs-locking" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>FUSE and the kernel’s VFS layer provide some basic locking that FUSE file systems automatically take advantage of. Specifically:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Calls to <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.rename" title="llfuse.Operations.rename"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rename</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.create" title="llfuse.Operations.create"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">create</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.symlink" title="llfuse.Operations.symlink"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">symlink</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.mknod" title="llfuse.Operations.mknod"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mknod</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.link" title="llfuse.Operations.link"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">link</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.mkdir" title="llfuse.Operations.mkdir"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mkdir</span></code></a> acquire a write-lock on the inode of the directory in which the respective operation takes place (two in case of rename).</p></li> <li><p>Calls to <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.lookup" title="llfuse.Operations.lookup"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lookup</span></code></a> acquire a read-lock on the inode of the parent directory (meaning that lookups in the same directory may run concurrently, but never at the same time as e.g. a rename or mkdir operation).</p></li> <li><p>Unless writeback caching is enabled (which Python-LLFUSE does not yet allow), calls to <a class="reference internal" href="operations.html#llfuse.Operations.write" title="llfuse.Operations.write"><code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write</span></code></a> for the same inode are automatically serialized (i.e., there are never concurrent calls for the same inode even when multithreading is enabled).</p></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"><h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul class="current"> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="about.html">About</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html">Installation</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">General Information</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fuse_api.html">FUSE API Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="data.html">Data Structures</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="lock.html">The global lock</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="operations.html">Request Handlers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="util.html">Utility Functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gotchas.html">Common Gotchas</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="example.html">Example File Systems</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="changes.html">Changelog</a></li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="install.html" title="previous chapter">Installation</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="fuse_api.html" title="next chapter">FUSE API Functions</a></p> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick 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